Medical Lab Tech

RATIONALE

The students undergoing training of medical laboratory technology learn the techniques

of collection of samples, their processing and identification of various fungal infections

and diagnosis of microbial infections by serological methods. In addition to the above,

students are given training in the use of safety measures while handling infected

materials. The training is aimed to make the students competent to isolate and identify

fungi and do serological tests for various microbial infections.

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CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY- IV (Immunology and mycology)

RATIONALE
The students undergoing training of medical laboratory technology learn the techniques
of collection of samples, their processing and identification of various fungal infections
and diagnosis of microbial infections by serological methods. In addition to the above,
students are given training in the use of safety measures while handling infected
materials. The training is aimed to make the students competent to isolate and identify
fungi and do serological tests for various microbial infections.
LIST OF PRACTICALS
Determination of bleeding time by lvy’s and Dukes method
Determination of clotting time by Lee and white and capillary method
Determination of prothrombin time, index and INR (International Normalised Ratio)
Determination of Activated Partial thrombo plastin time (APTT)
Demonstration of Hess test
Performance of Clot retraction test
Demonstration of LE Cell
Processing of biological body fluids

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MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY STUDENT HANDBOOK

To Students You forfeit your chance for life at its fullest when you withhold your best effort in learning. When you give only the minimum to learning, you receive only the minimum in return. Even with your parents’ best example and your teachers’ best efforts, in the end it is your work that determines how much and how well you learn. When you work to your full capacity, you can hope to attain the knowledge and skills that will enable you to create your future and control your destiny. If you do not, you will have your future thrust upon you by others. Take hold of your life, apply your gifts and talents, and work with dedication and self-discipline. Have high expectations for yourself and convert every challenge into opportunity.

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BASIC LABORATORY PROCEDURES IN CLINICAL BACTERIOLOGY

Communicable diseases are the most common cause of death in developing
countries, and their diagnosis and treatment represent a significant challenge
to the health services in those areas. The World Health Organization has long
been actively involved in developing and promoting standard techniques for
laboratory investigations of such diseases, a first attempt to standardize susceptibility
testing of bacterial pathogens being made in 1960.1 Following on
from this, in 1976, the WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization
drew up requirements for antibiotic susceptibility testing using the disc
method.2
At the same time, efforts were being made to introduce quality control into
laboratory performance. In 1981, WHO established an International External
Quality Assessment Scheme for Microbiology. The laboratories that are
involved in this scheme are able to play a leading role in the implementation
of national quality assessment schemes at all levels of the health care system.
The present publication brings together and updates the various guidelines
produced by WHO over the years on sampling of specimens for laboratory
investigation, identification of bacteria, and testing of antimicrobial resistance.
The information included is intended to lead to harmonization of microbiological
investigations and susceptibility testing, and to improve the quality of
laboratories at both central and intermediate levels. It concentrates on the procedures
to be followed, rather than the basic techniques of microscopy and
staining, which have been described in detail in another WHO publication.3

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INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY

1. Introduction
1.1 Medical Parasitology
1.2 Types of Parasites
1.3 Types of Hosts
1.4 Host-Parasite Relationship
1.5 Classification and General Characters of Human Parasites
2. History of Human Parasites and Paleoparasitology
2.1 Helminthic Worms in History
2.2 Protozoan Parasites in History
2.3 Paleoparasitology
3. Epidemiology
3.1 Effects of Environmental Changes on Emerging Parasitic Diseases
3.2 Role of Human Behavior in Transmission of Parasitic Diseases
3.3 Population Movement and Parasitic Diseases
4. Endoparasites
4.1 Intestinal and Atrial Endoparasites
4.2 Blood and Tissue Endoparasites
4.3 Examples of Some Endoparasitic Diseases
5. Ectoparasites
5.1 Pediculosis as an Example of Ectoparasitic Diseases
6. Immunoparasitology and Immunomodulation
6.1 Immune Response to Parasites
6.2 Mechanism of Evasion of Immune Response to Parasites
6.3 Consequences of Immune Response to Parasites
7. Molecular Parasitology
7.1 Structure of DNA
7.2 Gene Expression
7.3 Genetic Diversity
7.4 Applications of Molecular Techniques in Parasitology
8. Burden of Parasitic Diseases
8.1 Complications of Some Parasitic Infections
8.2 Parasitic Infections and Cancers
8.3 The Economic Impact of Human Parasitic Diseases
9. Diagnosis of Parasitic Diseases
9.1 Microscopy
9.2 Immunodiagnosis
9.3 Molecular-Based Approaches
9.4 Imaging Techniques and Endoscopy
9.5 Recent Diagnostic Advances Using Nanotechnology
10. Control of Parasitic Diseases
10.1 Methods of Prevention and Control of Food and Water Borne Parasitic Diseases
10.2 Control of Vector Borne Parasitic Diseases
10.3 Control of Neglected Tropical Parasitic Diseases

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PARASITOLOGY FAQ

Diagnostic Medical Parasitology
FAQ’s
Santa Maria, CA 93455
Sprinboro, Ohio 45066
ph: 800.266.2222
fx: 805.346.2760

by
Lynne S. Garcia
MS, MT(ASCP), CLS(NCA), BLM(AAB), F(AAM)
Director, LSG & Associates
Consulting, Teaching Services
512 – 12Th Street
Santa Monica, CA 90402-2908
ph: 310.393.5059
fx: 310.899.9722

References:
Garcia, LS. 2007. Diagnostic Medical Parasitology, 5th ed, ASM Press, Washington, DC
Garcia, LS. 2009. Practical Guide to Diagnostic Parasitology, 2nd ed, ASM Press, Washington, DC
Garcia, LS. (Ed), 2010. Clinical Microbiology Procedures Handbook, 3rd ed, ASM Press, Washington, D.C.

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Other Microbiology / Parasitology

Microbial pathogens include microscopic organisms such as bacteria, viruses, and
protozoans, as well as multicellular organisms such as helminths (worms) and other
parasites. Accurate microbial identification is critical for the optimal treatment of
patients presenting with infection. Laboratory tests are often essential for guiding
effective intervention. A wide range of testing options for infectious disease pathogens
is available and varies by organism. These include in vitro detection of an antibody or
antigen (serology), culture-based methods, and molecular assays that detect microbial
DNA or RNA. The types of organisms likely to cause infection can vary significantly with
geography. This section will address more prevalent microbial and parasitic infections.

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Introductionin human parasitology and parasitic diseases

Medical (human) parasitology
• Human parasitology is the study of those organisms
which parasitise humans
• According to the very broad definition of parasitology,
parasites should include the viruses, bacteria, fungi,
protozoa and metazoa (multi-celled organisms) which
infect their host species
• However, for historical and other reasons the first three
have been incorporated into the discipline of Microbiology

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Clinical Microbiology Made Ridiculously Simple 3rd Edition

A well-developed knowledge of clinical microbiology is
critical for the practicing physician in any medical field.
Bacteria, viruses, and protozoans have no respect for
the distinction between ophthalmology, pediatrics,
trauma surgery, or geriatric medicine. As a physician
you will be faced daily with the concepts of microbial
disease and antimicrobial therapy. Microbiology is one
of the few courses where much of the "minutia" is regularly
used by the practicing physician.
This book attempts to facilitate the learning of microbiology
by presenting the information in a clear and
entertaining manner brimming with memory aids.
Our approach has been to:
1) Write in a conversational style for rapid assimilation.
2) Include numerous figures serving as "visual memory
tools" and summary charts at the end of each chapter.
These can be used for "cram sessions" after the
concepts have been studied in the text.
3) Concentrate more on clinical and infectious disease
issues that are both interesting and vital to the actual
practice of medicine.
Preface
D
4) Create a conceptual, organized approach to the organisms
studied so the student relies less on memory
and more on logical pathophysiology.
The text has been updated to include current information
on rapidly developing topics, such as HIV and
AIDS (vaccine efforts and all the new anti-HIV medications),
Ebola virus, Hantavirus, E. coli outbreaks, Mad
Cow Disease, and brand-new antimicrobial antibiotics.
The mnemonics and cartoons in this book do not intend
disrespect for any particular patient population or
racial or ethnic group but are solely presented as memory
devices to assist in the learning of a complex and important
medical subject.
We welcome suggestions for future editions.
MARK GLADWIN, MD
BILL TRATTLER, MD

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Medical Parasitology

PREFACE
This lecture note is useful to students of health science, medicine and other
students and academicians. It is believed to provide basic knowledge to students
on medical parasitology. It also serves as a good reference to parasitologists,
graduate students, biomedical personnel, and health professionals. It aims at
introducing general aspects of medically important parasites prevalent in the
tropics and in Ethiopia in particular. It is our belief that this note will contribute
much in alleviating the shortage of Parasitology texts.
Students preparing to provide health care in their profession need solid
foundation of basic scientific knowledge of etiologic agents of diseases, their
diagnosis and management. To face the fast growing trends of scientific
information, students require getting education relevant to what they will be doing
in their future professional lives. Books that are of manageable size are
increasingly important in helping students learn the seemingly overwhelming
amount of information they must absorb.

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The HemoCue Hb 201+ System

•Pull out slide holder to ready position

•Press left button to turn on analyzer

•Analyzer performs a selftest

•Once selftest passes, analyzer will display 3 flashing dashes

•Fill a cuvette with sample

•Place the cuvette in the cuvette holder

•The result is displayed within 15-60 sec

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Guidelines On Standard Operating Procedures For Haematalogy

As a medical specialist in the laboratory, experienced haematologists use their expertise in cytopathology histopathology, selection and use of ancillary tests such as flow cytometry and molecular and cytogenetics, interpretation of coagulation and haemoglobin and other special studies in the diagnosis and management of patients with haematological and other disorders. They also provide guidance to clinicians about appropriate and safe pre-transfusion testing and selection of blood products for transfusion and clinical advice regarding transfusion complications. They offer expert opinion to clinicians as to the rational choice, interpretation and potential limitations of haematological testing. They have expertise in laboratory procedures for accessioning, management and processing of specimens, to ensure that accurate and high quality material is available for the formulation of diagnostic opinions. They advise and work with scientific staff in relation to laboratory procedures. They manage the haematology laboratory, being mindful of the need for appropriate and cost effective ordering of investigations, quality assurance and safety. They guide and teach medical and other trainees in the discipline of haematology.
The clinical haematologist provides a comprehensive approach to the diagnosis, prognosis and management of patients with primary haematological disorders and consultative opinion/support for patients whose other medical conditions/therapy affect the haematopoietic/vascular system.

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Hematology Trainee Handbook 2015

INTRODUCTION
Haematology encompasses both clinical and laboratory aspects of primary disorders of the blood as well as how other diseases affect the blood. Primary haematological diseases can be congenital or acquired and include the various forms of leukaemia and lymphoma, some forms of anaemia and diverse blood clotting/bleeding disorders. Transfusion medicine also falls into the specialty of haematology.
All haematology training must be undertaken in accredited laboratories and under supervision approved by the Board of Education and Assessment. Trainees need to discuss in detail with their supervisors how to achieve a sound knowledge of all aspects of laboratory haematology and transfusion medicine. If the trainee is not exposed to specific specialised techniques in their laboratory it is their responsibility, in conjunction with their supervisor, to ensure techniques are understood. Visits should be organised to departments where specialised investigations are performed.
To gain the FRCPA in haematology requires five (5) years of accredited training and satisfactory completion of the assessment program detailed below. There are two pathways. Training may be undertaken fully according to the RCPA Fellowship program (FRCPA) or under a joint training program with the Royal Australasian College of Physicians (RACP). Trainees in both pathways undertake the same examinations. No more than four (4) years in the one institution will be allowed for RCPA trainees and three (3) years for joint RCPA-RACP trainees.
Please refer to the RCPA Trainee Handbook - Administrative Requirements for essential information regarding training limitation, retrospective accreditation of training and temporary suspension of training.

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A Concise- Review Of Clinical Laboratory Science

The arrival of the second edition of A Concise Review of Clinical Laboratory Science
has long been anticipated by students and educators alike. This review text is a valuable
educational tool for both the novice and the experienced clinical laboratory scientist. It
is designed to be an updated and concise review of all disciplines of clinical laboratory
science and will also serve as a tool for students of clinical laboratory science studying for
national certification examinations, including the American Society of Clinical Pathologists
Board of Registry exam, the National Certification Agency (NCA) exam, and the American
Medical Technologist (AMT) exam. Practicing clinical laboratory scientists and medical
residents will also find this book to be an excellent source for review.
This book represents a culmination of the efforts and expertise of the faculty of the
Clinical Laboratory Science program at Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center in
Lubbock, Texas, and reflects over 100 years of combined medical technology experience.
All contributing authors reflect their professional excellence in their contributed chapters,
not only as educators, but also as outstanding professionals in their field. I encourage readers
to send me feedback on this book at the following email address: joel.hubbard@ttuhsc.edu.
Text Format and Features
Each chapter presents a concise summary of the most important facts and concepts in that
subject area in an outline format. Key points appear in bold for easy reference. Boxes,
tables, and figures throughout distill concepts and make them easier to comprehend. Online
menus at the end of each chapter point readers to supplementary Web-based materials.
What’s New in This Edition
The second edition includes the most current and updated information. An expanded chapter
dealing with laboratory operations (Chapter 11) addresses topics such as management
and organizational theory, professionalism, quality assurance, laboratory regulations, and
delivery of an educational unit. In addition, a new chapter on molecular pathology (Chapter
10) focuses on molecular laboratory methods and an overview on the testing of genetic
diseases.
Additional Resources
A Concise Review of Clinical Laboratory Science, second edition, includes additional resources
for both instructors and students that are available on the book’s companion Web
site at thePoint.lww.com/Hubbard2e.

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Practical Guide for Laboratory Diagnosis of Leishmaniasis

Practical Guide for Laboratory Diagnosis of Leishmaniasis
— CDC’s Parasitic Diseases Branch —
(See summary figure on the last page)
This guide focuses on laboratory diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis. However, many of the principles also apply to mucosal & visceral leishmaniasis.

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